Add Tests managing inventories; small bugfixes

ereuse_devicehub/cli.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import os
 
 import click.testing
+import ereuse_utils
 import flask.cli
 
 from ereuse_devicehub.config import DevicehubConfig
@@ -19,11 +20,35 @@ class DevicehubGroup(flask.cli.FlaskGroup):
         self.create_app = self.create_app_factory(inventory)
         return super().main(*args, **kwargs)
 
-    @staticmethod
+    @classmethod
-    def create_app_factory(inventory):
+    def create_app_factory(cls, inventory):
-        return lambda: Devicehub(inventory)
+        return lambda: Devicehub(inventory, config=cls.CONFIG())
 
 
-@click.group(cls=DevicehubGroup)
+def get_version(ctx, param, value):
+    if not value or ctx.resilient_parsing:
+        return
+    click.echo('Devicehub {}'.format(ereuse_utils.version('ereuse-devicehub')), color=ctx.color)
+    flask.cli.get_version(ctx, param, value)
+
+
+@click.option('--version',
+              help='Devicehub version.',
+              expose_value=False,
+              callback=get_version,
+              is_flag=True,
+              is_eager=True)
+@click.group(cls=DevicehubGroup,
+             context_settings=Devicehub.cli_context_settings,
+             add_version_option=False,
+             help="""
+            Manages the Devicehub of the inventory {}.
+
+            Use 'export dhi=xx' to set the inventory that this CLI
+            manages. For example 'export dhi=db1' and then executing
+            'dh tag add' adds a tag in the db1 database. Operations
+            that affect the common database (like creating an user)
+            are not affected by this.
+             """.format(os.environ.get('dhi')))
 def cli():
     pass

ereuse_devicehub/devicehub.py

@@ -1,3 +1,4 @@
+import os
 import uuid
 from typing import Type
 
@@ -42,12 +43,19 @@ class Devicehub(Teal):
         super().__init__(config, db, inventory, import_name, static_url_path, static_folder,
                          static_host,
                          host_matching, subdomain_matching, template_folder, instance_path,
-                         instance_relative_config, root_path, Auth)
+                         instance_relative_config, root_path, False, Auth)
         self.id = inventory
         """The Inventory ID of this instance. In Teal is the app.schema."""
         self.dummy = Dummy(self)
-        self.cli.command('regenerate-search')(self.regenerate_search)
+
-        self.cli.command('init-db')(self.init_db)
+        @self.cli.group(short_help='Inventory management.',
+                        help='Manages the inventory {}.'.format(os.environ.get('dhi')))
+        def inv():
+            pass
+
+        inv.command('add')(self.init_db)
+        inv.command('del')(self.delete_inventory)
+        inv.command('search')(self.regenerate_search)
         self.before_request(self._prepare_request)
 
     # noinspection PyMethodOverriding
@@ -82,12 +90,21 @@ class Devicehub(Teal):
                 tag_token: uuid.UUID,
                 erase: bool,
                 common: bool):
-        """Initializes this inventory with the provided configurations."""
+        """Creates an inventory.
+
+        This creates the database and adds the inventory to the
+        inventory tables with the passed-in settings, and does nothing if the
+        inventory already exists.
+
+        After you create the inventory you might want to create an user
+        executing *dh user add*.
+        """
         assert _app_ctx_stack.top, 'Use an app context.'
         print('Initializing database...'.ljust(30), end='')
         with click_spinner.spinner():
             if erase:
                 self.db.drop_all(common_schema=common)
+            assert not db.has_schema(self.id), 'Schema {} already exists.'.format(self.id)
             exclude_schema = 'common' if not common else None
             self._init_db(exclude_schema=exclude_schema)
             InventoryDef.set_inventory_config(name, org_name, org_id, tag_url, tag_token)
@@ -96,6 +113,20 @@ class Devicehub(Teal):
             self.db.session.commit()
         print('done.')
 
+    @click.confirmation_option(prompt='Are you sure you want to delete the inventory {}?'
+                               .format(os.environ.get('dhi')))
+    def delete_inventory(self):
+        """Erases an inventory.
+
+        This removes its private database and its entry in the common
+        inventory.
+
+        This deletes users that have only access to this inventory.
+        """
+        InventoryDef.delete_inventory()
+        self.db.session.commit()
+        self.db.drop_all(common_schema=False)
+
     def regenerate_search(self):
         """Re-creates from 0 all the search tables."""
         DeviceSearch.regenerate_search_table(self.db.session)

ereuse_devicehub/dummy/dummy.py

@@ -63,27 +63,21 @@ class Dummy:
                          common=True)
         print('Creating stuff...'.ljust(30), end='')
         with click_spinner.spinner():
-            out = runner.invoke(args=['create-org', *self.ORG], catch_exceptions=False).output
+            out = runner.invoke('org', 'add', *self.ORG).output
             org_id = json.loads(out)['id']
             user = self.user_client('user@dhub.com', '1234')
             # todo put user's agent into Org
             for id in self.TAGS:
                 user.post({'id': id}, res=Tag)
             for id, sec in self.ET:
-                runner.invoke(args=[
+                runner.invoke('tag', 'add', id,
-                    'create-tag', id,
                               '-p', 'https://t.devicetag.io',
                               '-s', sec,
-                    '-o', org_id
+                              '-o', org_id)
-                ],
-                    catch_exceptions=False)
             # create tag for pc-laudem
-            runner.invoke(args=[
+            runner.invoke('tag', 'add', 'tagA',
-                'create-tag', 'tagA',
                           '-p', 'https://t.devicetag.io',
-                '-s', 'tagA-secondary'
+                          '-s', 'tagA-secondary')
-            ],
-                catch_exceptions=False)
         files = tuple(Path(__file__).parent.joinpath('files').iterdir())
         print('done.')
         sample_pc = None  # We treat this one as a special sample for demonstrations

ereuse_devicehub/resources/agent/__init__.py

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 import json
 
 import click
+from boltons.typeutils import classproperty
 from teal.resource import Converters, Resource
 
 from ereuse_devicehub.db import db
@@ -22,7 +23,7 @@ class OrganizationDef(AgentDef):
                  static_url_path=None,
                  template_folder=None, url_prefix=None, subdomain=None, url_defaults=None,
                  root_path=None):
-        cli_commands = ((self.create_org, 'create-org'),)
+        cli_commands = ((self.create_org, 'add'),)
         super().__init__(app, import_name, static_folder, static_url_path, template_folder,
                          url_prefix, subdomain, url_defaults, root_path, cli_commands)
 
@@ -44,6 +45,10 @@ class OrganizationDef(AgentDef):
         print(json.dumps(o, indent=2))
         return o
 
+    @classproperty
+    def cli_name(cls):
+        return 'org'
+
 
 class Membership(Resource):
     SCHEMA = schemas.Membership

ereuse_devicehub/resources/agent/models.py

@@ -83,8 +83,13 @@ class Agent(Thing):
 
 class Organization(JoinedTableMixin, Agent):
     default_of = db.relationship(Inventory,
-                                 single_parent=True,
                                  uselist=False,
+                                 lazy=True,
+                                 backref=backref('org', lazy=True),
+                                 # We need to use this as we cannot do Inventory.foreign -> Org
+                                 # as foreign keys can only reference to one table
+                                 # and we have multiple organization table (one per schema)
+                                 foreign_keys=[Inventory.org_id],
                                  primaryjoin=lambda: Organization.id == Inventory.org_id)
 
     def __init__(self, name: str, **kwargs) -> None:

ereuse_devicehub/resources/inventory/__init__.py

@@ -1,8 +1,6 @@
 import uuid
 
 import boltons.urlutils
-import click
-import ereuse_utils.cli
 from flask import current_app
 from teal.db import ResourceNotFound
 from teal.resource import Resource
@@ -20,35 +18,8 @@ class InventoryDef(Resource):
                  static_url_path=None,
                  template_folder=None, url_prefix=None, subdomain=None, url_defaults=None,
                  root_path=None):
-        cli_commands = (
-            (self.set_inventory_config_cli, 'set-inventory-config'),
-        )
         super().__init__(app, import_name, static_folder, static_url_path, template_folder,
-                         url_prefix, subdomain, url_defaults, root_path, cli_commands)
+                         url_prefix, subdomain, url_defaults, root_path)
-
-    @click.option('--name', '-n',
-                  default='Test 1',
-                  help='The human name of the inventory.')
-    @click.option('--org-name', '-on',
-                  default=None,
-                  help='The name of the default organization that owns this inventory.')
-    @click.option('--org-id', '-oi',
-                  default=None,
-                  help='The Tax ID of the organization.')
-    @click.option('--tag-url', '-tu',
-                  type=ereuse_utils.cli.URL(scheme=True, host=True, path=False),
-                  default=None,
-                  help='The base url (scheme and host) of the tag provider.')
-    @click.option('--tag-token', '-tt',
-                  type=click.UUID,
-                  default=None,
-                  help='The token provided by the tag provider. It is an UUID.')
-    def set_inventory_config_cli(self, **kwargs):
-        """Sets the inventory configuration. Only updates passed-in
-        values.
-        """
-        self.set_inventory_config(**kwargs)
-        db.session.commit()
 
     @classmethod
     def set_inventory_config(cls,
@@ -72,8 +43,23 @@ class InventoryDef(Resource):
             except ResourceNotFound:
                 org = Organization(tax_id=org_id, name=org_name)
             org.default_of = inventory
-            db.session.add(org)
         if tag_url:
             inventory.tag_provider = tag_url
         if tag_token:
             inventory.tag_token = tag_token
+
+    @classmethod
+    def delete_inventory(cls):
+        """Removes an inventory alongside with the users that have
+        only access to this inventory.
+        """
+        from ereuse_devicehub.resources.user.models import User, UserInventory
+        inv = Inventory.query.filter_by(id=current_app.id).one()
+        db.session.delete(inv)
+        db.session.flush()
+        # Remove users that end-up without any inventory
+        # todo this should be done in a trigger / event
+        users = User.query \
+            .filter(User.id.notin_(db.session.query(UserInventory.user_id).distinct()))
+        for user in users:
+            db.session.delete(user)

ereuse_devicehub/resources/inventory/model.py

@@ -13,7 +13,8 @@ class Inventory(Thing):
     tag_provider = db.Column(db.URL(), nullable=False)
     tag_token = db.Column(db.UUID(as_uuid=True), unique=True, nullable=False)
     tag_token.comment = """The token to access a Tag service."""
-    org_id = db.Column(db.UUID(as_uuid=True), db.ForeignKey('organization.id'), nullable=False)
+    # todo no validation that UUID is from an existing organization
+    org_id = db.Column(db.UUID(as_uuid=True), nullable=False)
 
     __table_args__ = (
         db.Index('id_hash', id, postgresql_using='hash'),

ereuse_devicehub/resources/tag/__init__.py

@@ -29,8 +29,8 @@ class TagDef(Resource):
                  template_folder=None, url_prefix=None, subdomain=None, url_defaults=None,
                  root_path=None):
         cli_commands = (
-            (self.create_tag, 'create-tag'),
+            (self.create_tag, 'add'),
-            (self.create_tags_csv, 'create-tags-csv')
+            (self.create_tags_csv, 'add-csv')
         )
         super().__init__(app, import_name, static_folder, static_url_path, template_folder,
                          url_prefix, subdomain, url_defaults, root_path, cli_commands)

ereuse_devicehub/resources/user/__init__.py

@@ -5,7 +5,6 @@ from flask import current_app
 from teal.resource import Converters, Resource
 
 from ereuse_devicehub.db import db
-from ereuse_devicehub.resources.inventory import Inventory
 from ereuse_devicehub.resources.user import schemas
 from ereuse_devicehub.resources.user.models import User
 from ereuse_devicehub.resources.user.views import UserView, login
@@ -20,7 +19,7 @@ class UserDef(Resource):
     def __init__(self, app, import_name=__name__.split('.')[0], static_folder=None,
                  static_url_path=None, template_folder=None, url_prefix=None, subdomain=None,
                  url_defaults=None, root_path=None):
-        cli_commands = ((self.create_user, 'create-user'),)
+        cli_commands = ((self.create_user, 'add'),)
         super().__init__(app, import_name, static_folder, static_url_path, template_folder,
                          url_prefix, subdomain, url_defaults, root_path, cli_commands)
         self.add_url_rule('/login/', view_func=login, methods={'POST'})
@@ -29,7 +28,9 @@ class UserDef(Resource):
     @option('-i', '--inventory',
             multiple=True,
             help='Inventories user has access to. By default this one.')
-    @option('-a', '--agent', help='The name of an agent to create with the user.')
+    @option('-a', '--agent',
+            help='Create too an Individual agent representing this user, '
+                 'and give a name to this individual.')
     @option('-c', '--country', help='The country of the agent (if --agent is set).')
     @option('-t', '--telephone', help='The telephone of the agent (if --agent is set).')
     @option('-t', '--tax-id', help='The tax id of the agent (if --agent is set).')
@@ -41,15 +42,16 @@ class UserDef(Resource):
                     country: str = None,
                     telephone: str = None,
                     tax_id: str = None) -> dict:
-        """Creates an user.
+        """Create an user.
 
-        If ``--agent`` is passed, it creates an ``Individual`` agent
+        If ``--agent`` is passed, it creates too an ``Individual``
-        that represents the user.
+        agent that represents the user.
         """
         from ereuse_devicehub.resources.agent.models import Individual
         u = self.SCHEMA(only={'email', 'password'}, exclude=('token',)) \
             .load({'email': email, 'password': password})
         if inventory:
+            from ereuse_devicehub.resources.inventory import Inventory
             inventory = Inventory.query.filter(Inventory.id.in_(inventory))
         user = User(**u, inventories=inventory)
         agent = Individual(**current_app.resources[Individual.t].schema.load(

ereuse_devicehub/resources/user/models.pyi

@@ -5,6 +5,7 @@ from sqlalchemy import Column
 from sqlalchemy.orm import relationship
 from sqlalchemy_utils import Password
 
+from ereuse_devicehub.db import db
 from ereuse_devicehub.resources.agent.models import Individual
 from ereuse_devicehub.resources.inventory import Inventory
 from ereuse_devicehub.resources.models import Thing
@@ -30,3 +31,7 @@ class User(Thing):
     @property
     def individual(self) -> Union[Individual, None]:
         pass
+
+
+class UserInventory(db.Model):
+    pass

requirements.txt

@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ click==6.7
 click-spinner==0.1.8
 colorama==0.3.9
 colour==0.1.5
-ereuse-utils[naming, test, session, cli]==0.4.0b20
+ereuse-utils[naming, test, session, cli]==0.4.0b21
 Flask==1.0.2
 Flask-Cors==3.0.6
 Flask-SQLAlchemy==2.3.2
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ requests[security]==2.19.1
 requests-mock==1.5.2
 SQLAlchemy==1.2.17
 SQLAlchemy-Utils==0.33.11
-teal==0.2.0a35
+teal==0.2.0a36
 webargs==4.0.0
 Werkzeug==0.14.1
 sqlalchemy-citext==1.3.post0

setup.py

@@ -29,10 +29,10 @@ setup(
     long_description=long_description,
     long_description_content_type='text/markdown',
     install_requires=[
-        'teal>=0.2.0a35',  # teal always first
+        'teal>=0.2.0a36',  # teal always first
         'click',
         'click-spinner',
-        'ereuse-utils[naming, test, session, cli]>=0.4b20',
+        'ereuse-utils[naming, test, session, cli]>=0.4b21',
         'hashids',
         'marshmallow_enum',
         'psycopg2-binary',

tests/conftest.py

@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ def app(request, _app: Devicehub) -> Devicehub:
         try:
             with redirect_stdout(io.StringIO()):
                 _init()
-        except (ProgrammingError, IntegrityError):
+        except (ProgrammingError, IntegrityError, AssertionError):
             print('Database was not correctly emptied. Re-empty and re-installing...')
             _drop()
             _init()

tests/test_device_find.py

@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ def test_device_search_regenerate_table(app: DeviceSearch, user: UserClient):
     i, _ = user.get(res=Device, query=[('search', 'Desktop')])
     assert not i['items'], 'Truncate deleted all items'
     runner = app.test_cli_runner()
-    runner.invoke(args=['regenerate-search'], catch_exceptions=False)
+    runner.invoke('inv', 'search')
     i, _ = user.get(res=Device, query=[('search', 'Desktop')])
     assert i['items'], 'Regenerated re-made the table'
 

tests/test_dispatcher.py

@@ -13,7 +13,6 @@ def noop():
 
 @pytest.fixture()
 def dispatcher(app: Devicehub, config: TestConfig) -> PathDispatcher:
-    print('whoho')
     PathDispatcher.call = Mock(side_effect=lambda *args: args[0])
     return PathDispatcher(config_cls=config)
 

tests/test_dummy.py

@@ -4,6 +4,6 @@ from ereuse_devicehub.devicehub import Devicehub
 def test_dummy(_app: Devicehub):
     """Tests the dummy cli command."""
     runner = _app.test_cli_runner()
-    runner.invoke(args=['dummy', '--yes'], catch_exceptions=False)
+    runner.invoke('dummy', '--yes')
     with _app.app_context():
         _app.db.drop_all()

tests/test_inventory.py

@@ -1,19 +1,147 @@
+from typing import List
+from uuid import UUID
+
+import click.testing
 import pytest
+from boltons.urlutils import URL
 
+import ereuse_devicehub.cli
+from ereuse_devicehub.db import db
+from ereuse_devicehub.devicehub import Devicehub
+from ereuse_devicehub.resources.agent.models import Organization
+from ereuse_devicehub.resources.inventory import Inventory
+from ereuse_devicehub.resources.user import User
+from tests.conftest import TestConfig
 
-@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='Test not developed')
-def test_create_inventory():
-    """Tests creating an inventory with an user."""
-
-
-@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='Test not developed')
-def test_create_existing_inventory():
-    pass
-
-
-@pytest.mark.xfail(reason='Test not developed')
-def test_delete_inventory():
-    """Tests deleting an inventory without
-    disturbing other inventories (ex. keeping commmon db), and
-    removing its traces in common (no inventory row in inventory table).
 """
+Tests the management of inventories in a multi-inventory environment
+(several Devicehub instances that point at different schemas).
+"""
+
+
+class NoExcCliRunner(click.testing.CliRunner):
+    """Runner that interfaces with the Devicehub CLI."""
+
+    def invoke(self, *args, input=None, env=None, catch_exceptions=False, color=False,
+               **extra):
+        r = super().invoke(ereuse_devicehub.cli.cli,
+                           args, input, env, catch_exceptions, color, **extra)
+        assert r.exit_code == 0, 'CLI code {}: {}'.format(r.exit_code, r.output)
+        return r
+
+    def inv(self, name: str):
+        """Set an inventory as an environment variable."""
+        self.env = {'dhi': name}
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def cli(config, _app):
+    """Returns an interface for the dh CLI client,
+    cleaning the database afterwards.
+    """
+
+    def drop_schemas():
+        with _app.app_context():
+            _app.db.drop_schema(schema='tdb1')
+            _app.db.drop_schema(schema='tdb2')
+            _app.db.drop_schema(schema='common')
+
+    drop_schemas()
+    ereuse_devicehub.cli.DevicehubGroup.CONFIG = TestConfig
+    yield NoExcCliRunner()
+    drop_schemas()
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def tdb1(config):
+    return Devicehub(inventory='tdb1', config=config, db=db)
+
+
+@pytest.fixture()
+def tdb2(config):
+    return Devicehub(inventory='tdb2', config=config, db=db)
+
+
+def test_inventory_create_delete_user(cli, tdb1, tdb2):
+    """Tests creating two inventories with users, one user has
+    access to the first inventory and the other to both. Finally, deletes
+    the first inventory, deleting only the first user too.
+    """
+    # Create first DB
+    cli.inv('tdb1')
+    cli.invoke('inv', 'add',
+               '-n', 'Test DB1',
+               '-on', 'ACME DB1',
+               '-oi', 'acme-id',
+               '-tu', 'https://example.com',
+               '-tt', '3c66a6ad-22de-4db6-ac46-d8982522ec40',
+               '--common')
+
+    # Create an user for first DB
+    cli.invoke('user', 'add', 'foo@foo.com', '-a', 'Foo', '-c', 'ES', '-p', 'Such password')
+
+    with tdb1.app_context():
+        # There is a row for the inventory
+        inv = Inventory.query.one()  # type: Inventory
+        assert inv.id == 'tdb1'
+        assert inv.name == 'Test DB1'
+        assert inv.tag_provider == URL('https://example.com')
+        assert inv.tag_token == UUID('3c66a6ad-22de-4db6-ac46-d8982522ec40')
+        assert db.has_schema('tdb1')
+        org = Organization.query.one()  # type: Organization
+        # assert inv.org_id == org.id
+        assert org.name == 'ACME DB1'
+        assert org.tax_id == 'acme-id'
+        user = User.query.one()  # type: User
+        assert user.email == 'foo@foo.com'
+
+    cli.inv('tdb2')
+    # Create a second DB
+    # Note how we don't create common anymore
+    cli.invoke('inv', 'add',
+               '-n', 'Test DB2',
+               '-on', 'ACME DB2',
+               '-oi', 'acme-id-2',
+               '-tu', 'https://example.com',
+               '-tt', 'fbad1c08-ffdc-4a61-be49-464962c186a8')
+    # Create an user for with access for both DB
+    cli.invoke('user', 'add', 'bar@bar.com', '-a', 'Bar', '-p', 'Wow password')
+
+    with tdb2.app_context():
+        inventories = Inventory.query.all()  # type: List[Inventory]
+        assert len(inventories) == 2
+        assert inventories[0].id == 'tdb1'
+        assert inventories[1].id == 'tdb2'
+        assert db.has_schema('tdb2')
+        org_db2 = Organization.query.one()
+        assert org_db2 != org
+        assert org_db2.name == 'ACME DB2'
+        users = User.query.all()  # type: List[User]
+        assert users[0].email == 'foo@foo.com'
+        assert users[1].email == 'bar@bar.com'
+
+    # Delete tdb1
+    cli.inv('tdb1')
+    cli.invoke('inv', 'del', '--yes')
+
+    with tdb2.app_context():
+        # There is only tdb2 as inventory
+        inv = Inventory.query.one()  # type: Inventory
+        assert inv.id == 'tdb2'
+        # User foo@foo.com is deleted because it only
+        # existed in tdb1, but not bar@bar.com which existed
+        # in another inventory too (tdb2)
+        user = User.query.one()  # type: User
+        assert user.email == 'bar@bar.com'
+        assert not db.has_schema('tdb1')
+        assert db.has_schema('tdb2')
+
+
+def test_create_existing_inventory(cli, tdb1):
+    """Tries to create twice the same inventory."""
+    cli.inv('tdb1')
+    cli.invoke('inv', 'add', '--common')
+    with tdb1.app_context():
+        assert db.has_schema('tdb1')
+    with pytest.raises(AssertionError, message='Schema tdb1 already exists.'):
+        cli.invoke('inv', 'add', '--common')

tests/test_tag.py

@@ -137,7 +137,7 @@ def test_tag_get_device_from_tag_endpoint_multiple_tags(app: Devicehub, user: Us
 def test_tag_create_tags_cli(app: Devicehub, user: UserClient):
     """Checks creating tags with the CLI endpoint."""
     runner = app.test_cli_runner()
-    runner.invoke(args=['create-tag', 'id1'], catch_exceptions=False)
+    runner.invoke('tag', 'add', 'id1')
     with app.app_context():
         tag = Tag.query.one()  # type: Tag
         assert tag.id == 'id1'
@@ -148,8 +148,7 @@ def test_tag_create_etags_cli(app: Devicehub, user: UserClient):
     """Creates an eTag through the CLI."""
     # todo what happens to organization?
     runner = app.test_cli_runner()
-    runner.invoke(args=['create-tag', '-p', 'https://t.ereuse.org', '-s', 'foo', 'DT-BARBAR'],
+    runner.invoke('tag', 'add', '-p', 'https://t.ereuse.org', '-s', 'foo', 'DT-BARBAR')
-                  catch_exceptions=False)
     with app.app_context():
         tag = Tag.query.one()  # type: Tag
         assert tag.id == 'dt-barbar'
@@ -222,8 +221,7 @@ def test_tag_create_tags_cli_csv(app: Devicehub, user: UserClient):
     """Checks creating tags with the CLI endpoint using a CSV."""
     csv = pathlib.Path(__file__).parent / 'files' / 'tags-cli.csv'
     runner = app.test_cli_runner()
-    runner.invoke(args=['create-tags-csv', str(csv)],
+    runner.invoke('tag', 'add-csv', str(csv))
-                  catch_exceptions=False)
     with app.app_context():
         t1 = Tag.from_an_id('id1').one()
         t2 = Tag.from_an_id('sec1').one()